It's a minefield, alright. In the UK a bloke can refer to his best mate as a "total b@stard!" but someone who is described as "a bit of a b@stard" is someone not well liked. Go figure...
Dude used to sounds so horrifically pretentious to me, like rad , until I saw Big Lebowski. SO much more palatable now.
I expect mate from any person from the British Isles, Australia or NZ or S.Africa.
It has a melody at comes across as friendly.
Buddy is perhaps closer to mate than pal or dude.
Mate with just the right accent is really nice.
"she's my mate, mate"
"no worries, mate" can and does refer to anyone.
its the "look, mate.." you have to be wary of..
that doesnt really mean "mate" at all..
but then he is a boy and i am not..
(i didnt know the one about women older than you... but if a boy calls you "mate" then you certainly wont be )
Anyway, I think I'll abstain from using "mate". Like that I won't get myself into embarrassing trouble.
But I do like seeing it used between male "mates".
Mates Rates is an old Australian expression for giving better prices and service to people you care about – your mates.
Also see:
But we had a talk over dude, didn't we already.
Anyway, this may explain better>