Starting with Common Hello Words
Word:
Salamo Alaikom : means Peace be upon you,
pronunciation: As-Salāmu `Alaykum
As-Salāmu `alayk(a) —Peace be upon you (m. sing.)
As-Salāmu `alayk(i) —Peace be upon you (f. sing)
As-Salāmu `alayk(umā) —Peace be upon you (to two people of any gender)
As-Salāmu `alayk(unna) —Peace be upon you (f. plural - to three or more females only)
As-Salāmu `alayk(umu) —Peace be upon you (To a group of three or more people, where at least one is a male - or for respect to a single person)
Written in arabic:
السلام عليكم
Listen to it
Description:
and its exact writing (high arabic let us say) is Assalamu Alaikom , and the very formal way of it is Assalamu Alaikom wa Rahamato Allahi wa barakatoh , which means peace be upon you and God's mercies and blessings.
Comment:
This is the most common hello word in the arab world, it is like hello, hi, hey and all such stuff - even some when they answer the phone they start by saying salamo alaikom.
Some just say salam when they are saying byebye.
When you are told Assalamu Alaikom, you answer - Wa Alaikom El Salam , which means and peace be upon you too as if you are wishing the same to the caller.