I am living a minimum-wage student life here in Switzerland. I unknowingly signed up for VVG supplemental insurance with a locking period of 5 years. I always wanted to cancel this ASAP and I once called the CSS customer service and talked to about 5-6 different people there for about 1-2 hours to finally boil it down to the fact that if the insurance prices ever change I can cancel the insurance before the locking period.
There is a price surge in insurance recently and the opportunity was ripe. I wasted no time and ran to the local CSS office and every single one of those agreed I can cancel this VVG insurance and in the new policy, I will not have it anymore in my new policy.
Drumrolls... new policy arrives... VVG 65 CHF/month ... till I die.
Send a letter to them (registered for preference) cancelling the supplementaries.
Do it before the end of the month.
They'll issue a new policy without supplementaries. A new policy might even be on its way. I've already received mine for 2023 and had to make changes and got new ones issued.
"you can cancel" is different from "it is canceled", they'll want your written signature with a clear "cancel this insurance".
Whether you can still give notice for next year seems doubtful, I would expect the notice period to be 3 months or more.
However, you can cancel every insurance that is subject to private insurance law after three years, doesn't matter how long the contract runs. This is new, it has been intruduced at the start of this year. If you signed this year, you could have rescinded your signature within 14 days, but that's more of a sidenote and FYI for next time. Always make an insurance cancellable every year, have that added to it, don't sign otherwise.