In both cases: Cross border workers. There are a lot of Italian residents working in Ticino and a lot of Germans commuting to SH. Ramps up the GDP but does not tell the true story.
I also saw an article before claiming that Luxembourg has twice as many work accidents in relation to the population than other EU countries... must be a dangerous place then...
Schaffhausen doesn't have as large a number of cross-border workers as Ticino and Geneva. Even Zurich, not generally considered a border canton may well have more than SH, simply because ZH is larger and has more jobs to offer, whereas Schaffhausen is small.
The total number is smaller than Zurich, but given the low population does this have a relatively higher impact. 5k cross border workers are about 10% of the total workforce. National average is below 7%. That makes perfect sense in realtion to the GDP per capita numbers... and also explains why for example Basel Stadt is so incredibly high.
Bern is not much of a surprise. In the end it is a big rural canton which by chances has also the capital and a lot of government workers which not really contribute much to the GDP.
Big companies in SH:
Georg Fischer, SIG, Unilever Schweiz, Phoenix Mecano, IWC
Why would the population total of a canton matter in any way in relation with quality of life? I guess what you are after is population density, not the same thing. And as a rule of thumb in CH: rural parts with low population density tend to be a lot poorer than the richer urban parts.
(Yes, canton Schwyz is rural, but the wealth is all in one tiny bit which is the one close to Zurich... and thats a lot more populated than Muotathal...)