Swiss pension funds in Portugal after early retirement ?

I am struggling with some questions regarding the pension pillars and leaving Switzerland for early retirement. I know these are questions for a professional tax/pension advisor, but I want to ask the questions here too to see what people here have to say and to see what useful websites etc you guys might have.

Are there any reputable tax/pension advisors that you know of that I can contact ? Someone familiar with the Swiss / Portuguese rules ?

First off my situation. Almost 52 years old, EU citizen having worked in Switzerland for the last 20 years. I would like to retire as early as possible. I have always lived frugally and saved my money. Now, after a small inheritance, I have bought a house in the Algarve, Portugal. The preliminary contract has been signed and a downpayment has been made, but the main sum must still be paid. I have enough money to pay the house in full and after that have enough left over to live in Portugal until I turn 65. My questions are all for the case where I quit work as soon as possible after the house has been bought and paid for, and I received the keys. The job here in Switzerland has been quit and my C-permit handed back, I moved into the house in Portugal and registered there as an inhabitant. Life as a beach bum / biker has begun. But because I am still quite young I may try to find the occasional remote work contract for companies in the EU, and pay taxes on this income in Portugal.

I will split my quesition according to the pension pillars.

1st pillar. From what I understand from www.zas.admin.ch the 1st pillar pension will be paid by either Switzerland or Portugal, dependent on which country I worked (paid income tax) in last ? With so and so many years of contribution, would I receive x% of the Swiss pension or x% of the Portuguese pension, and is this affected by remote work in Portugal ? Would the Swiss pension be paid out according to the exchange rate of that year, or be frozen at a certain exchange rate ? I don’t like the insecurity of receiving a Portuguese state pension as the country is not too wealthy, and I am not sure about the long term stability of the Euro. I also get the suspiscion it is better not to work the occasional remote assignment in Portugal, as this would immediately convert my whole Swiss 1st pillar into a Portuguese 1st pillar.

2nd pillar. Since I am still in the process of buying the house and because it will be my main residence, I assume have the option of using my pension fund for this. So at the moment I can still get most of the money out against the Swiss 10% lump sum tax rate. But because I have enough funds to last me till I am 65, and have no clue about investing etc I prefer to receive an actual pension from my 2nd pillar. So after I quit my job the money goes into a vested benefits account at a Swiss bank. I do not want to take out the money when I turn 61 as I figure then it will be counted as income for Portugal and I pay like 40% tax on whole sum, correct ? But what then happens when I turn 65 or 66 ? Does the vested account pay out in one go and I have no choice but to take the lump sum and pay 40% income tax ? Or can I choose to use the pre-taxed amount to buy a monthly pension income from a Swiss institution in CHF, and only pay Portuguese income tax on this income ? This last option is preferable because a rise in the CHF exchange rate would mean more Euros, and the progressive income tax scales. Another option would be to take out my pension fund now at 10% tax, and just park the money on a Swiss savings account. Then when I turn 65, do I have access to the same monthly payout style schemes as I would when it was still ā€˜official’ 2nd pillar money ?

Thank you for your answers / insights !

Pillar one pensions are paid by the countries where you earned your pension. So I have one payment each month from Switzerland and another every four weeks from UK.

I assume there is a double taxation agreement between Switzerland and Portugal that may answer your other questions

Double tax agreement

The VB only pays out in a lump sum. You don’t get an annuity.

So if there is an adverse tax treatment in Portugal, you might look at getting it out while you are still in CH e.g. withdraw to purchase the house.

You need to check with your pension fund but I think this will probably not work - your house in the Algarve will not be considered your main residence while you are still resident in CH. In this situation your funds will go into a vested benefit account - you can split the fund and place it in two vested benefit accounts and withdraw the funds in separate tax years. However, if you are living in Portugal at that stage I think the withdrawls will be treated as income in Portugal and the tax will be quite high.

a property is rarely your main residence until after you buy it.

If you move to Portugal & don’t work i.e. pay social contributions on earnings, you will not b subject to ā€˜compulsory insurance’ so can take the entire Pilar 2 as cash paying about 5% tax depending on the canton where the pension fund is. I did this moving to Malta when I was 52, took a few months but was painless.

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If you are no longer resident in CH, you are subject initially to that ā€œwithholding taxā€ - you then have to deal with the tax authorities in your new place of residence

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Depending on the tax agreement, there may be no more tax to pay. Portugal taxes pensions at a very low rate especially for non habitual residents for their first 10 years. If still resident in CH at 52 then it’s highly likely that you are required to have ā€˜compulsory insurance’ so unless it’s your first year of self employment getting access to pillar 2 is much more difficult.

I remember hearing about changes to the system in Portugal including scrapping of the golden visa last year.

It might be worth checking what has changed and what is proposed to change between now and when you plan to move there.

PT changed its laws a couple of years ago. Pensions are now charged just like PT income. Lowest tax bracket is up to 70,091€ per year–charged at 14.5%. It goes up in 6 classes to a top of 48%, which kicks in at 80,640€. We got out–no more freebies for furriners.

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Yes, I just read that NHR ended for new applications on 1 January 2024. Can be a big trap for those who take pension out in lump sum e.g. UK 25% tax-free amount, which is taxed as income potentially up to the highest 48% rate.

from the lowest to the highest scale in just +10k p.a?

The personal income tax rates for 2024 are:

INCOME TAX RATE
Up to €7,703 13.25%
€7,703 – €11,623 18%
€11,623 – €16,472 23%
€16,472 – €21,321 26%
€21,321 – €27,146 32.75%
€27,146 – €39,791 37%
€39,791 – €51,997 43.5%
€51,997 – €81,199 45%
Over €81,199 48%
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Yeah, sorry, I added a 0 to the income at the lowest rate, and I had a table from 2022, I think, so the numbers have upped a little.

Now I’m really curious how much is needed to live frugally. I guess that’ll hit at least the middle of the table, so expect to pay 40+ %. I also guess that earning 81k does not incur 48% of tax but 11k*18% + (16k-11k)*23% (21k-16k)*26% + …

I came across this Portuguese income tax calculator:

https://pt.icalculator.com/salary-calculator/annual/2024.htm

From that, a person earning 81K would pay almost 9K in Social Security Contributions & 25K tax, giving a take home pay of 47K

To go back to the OP’s question, I think it will not be possible to buy a property in PT using CH pension fund and as a result the pension fund would go into two vested benefits accounts if leaving CH before pension age.

If those funds were then treated as income in Portugal when withdrawn approx 50% would be lost in taxes compared to approx 10% if withdrawn while a CH resident.

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I remember reading some article or blog about similar situation. A Belgian announced definitive departure, fulfilled all paperwork, but stayed for next 3 months in Switzerland as a tourist to withdraw the 2nd pillar before moving to Belgium. That was the way to avoid Belgian tax on the pension.

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When I left CH, I had to prove I had moved my tax residence before any payment could be made. Staying as a tourist in CH after leaving would mean that you never actually left.

which would imply you had to wait for more than half of a year to be definitely counted as tax resident in the new EU country by that logic

Just so you understand the state of PT bureaucracy, I applied for residence in Sept 2020. I have yet to get my interview…

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